Introduction:

The world population is spread over every country disregarding hotspots or metropolises. In a developing society including changing requirements, focussing on principles as well as protecting religions and cultures is essential. Otherwise, the loss of the named focuses could have an impact on the global society and its characteristics.

 

Every country is focussing on its own aims and challenges to be a part in the modern world. The key aspects are different in each country, depending on the government and independent impacts. Geographical, climatical, cultural and economical impacts are stressing the situation for countries while trying to solve the individual national challenges.

 

Information:

 

International humanitarian law (IHL) defines “civilians” as those persons who are not members of military or paramilitary forces or fighters of organized armed groups of a party to a conflict. Civilians may lose protection against attacks for such time as they take direct part in hostilities.

 

An indication for global changes e.g. are the reasons and fundaments on which conflicts nowadays are based on.

Non-democratic governments, terror-organisations and international political imbalances are the main reasons for armed conflicts.

On the whole the middle east with its rising terror-organisations and islamic-republic states has multiple national disputes and civil conflicts. In addition, international conflicts like the USA-Iran conflict in this area are raising the risk of harming residents, tourists and in general civilians.

On the African continent, bloody wars like the Ethiopian-Eritrea Conflict along the border of both states claimed more than 80.000 deaths. Eritrean as well as Ethiopian youth served for an indefinite time as soldiers on the front line, lived as civilians weeks  before their recruiting. Other parts of the population, mainly civilians, lost their life during mass infantry attacks.

Near located states such as Somalia are dealing with terror-jihadist fundamentalist groups like al-Shabaab. Militias are oppressing civilians as well as residents.

The UNSC session with its adopted resolution 2472 (2019) convicts the militia al-Shabaab and the manner of its attacks on civilians. Uncontrolled emotional extortion of civilians by the militias is critical and cannot be accepted by other UN-members.

 

Approaches like the Six Point Plan for Syria in April 2012 by the former Secretary General Kofi Annan, are a possible solution for other conflict areas. The Plan, accepted through the adoption of resolution 2042 and 2043 in the UNSC, is used as a scheme for the cooperation between the UN and the League of Arab states for a peaceful resolving in Syria through a political transition. The founding of the mission UNSMIS was done to support and monitor the Plan in Syria.

 

 

Without international assistance, mostly developing countries like the named ones could not guarantee the protection of their own population. A non-usable infrastructure and the complexity of rising terror-groups are increasing the problematic resolving for developing countries and the chance to ensure the life of civilians.  The request of extended Aid from developed states like european nations is required.

The UN is trying to reduce the risk of civilians and non-combatants in a variety of conflict areas e.g. Afghanistan (UNAMA) and South Sudan (UNMISS). Therefore peacekeeping or peacemaking missions operated and lead by the UN with the assistance of member states militaries is necessary to ensure the prevention of harming civilians.

 

 

Issues of the Security Council:

 

The members of the Security Council must find a solution for the prevention of harming civilians as well as inventing more effective options to escape and to rescue civilians out of armed conflicts. The intervention or elongated UN-Missions, with european and asian UN-members in these middle east or african countries, could be useful.

The middle east or african countries are able to ask for the justification of the named intervention possibilities. If the developing countries feel disrespected in their political actions, a rejection or refusal of amendments could be useful.

 

 

 

 

 Sources:

https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/22/africas-civil-wars-are-regional-nightmares/

https://unama.unmissions.org/poc

https://www.unmissions.org/

https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-177959/

https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SY_120414_SixPointPlan.pdf

https://civiliansinconflict.org/approach/

https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldhansrd/vo991130/text/91130-16.htm

http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2472 (abstract)